WY (ไหว) “can”. In Lesson 7 you had DY and PEN both meaning “can” but with different implications. WY is another word with the same English equivalent but its use implies that what we are talking about requires some physical strength or ability.

	NUK MAHK GERN PY OW MAH MY WY It is too heavy, I could not bring it. หนักมากเกินไป เอามาไม่ไหว
	WING EEK MY WY NEU-AY MAHK I can’t run any more, I am very tired. วิ่งอีกไม่ไหว เหนื่อยมาก

In conversation you will find that the distinction between DY, PEN and WY is not always strictly observed.

TORASUP (โทรศัพท์) “telephone” is both a noun and a verb as in English. When used as a verb we usually add MAH (มา) “come” or PY (ไป) “go” and often other words to indicate whether the call is coming into or going out from the speaker.

In conversation for TORASUP is frequently abbreviated to TOR.

	MEE KRY TOR MAH REU PLOW Has anybody rung up? มีใครไทรมาหรือเปล่า
	EEK SIP HAH NAHTEE TOR MAH MY Ring up again in 15 minutes. อีกสิบห้านาทีโทรมาใหม่
	POM YAHK KA TORASUP PY TEE B.O.A.C. I want to ring up B.O.A.C. ผมอยากจะโทรศัพท์ไปที่ บี.โอ.เอ.ซี.
	KOON SOOJIN TORASUP MAH TEUNG POM Koon Soojin rang me up. คุณสุจินต์โทรศัพท์มาถึงผม
	POM JA BORK HY KOW TORASUP {PY HAH or; PY TEUNG} KOON I will tell him to ring you up. ผมจะบอกให้เขาโทรศัพท์ {ไปหา or; ไปถึง} คุณ

Note. For further discussion on the word TEUNG (ถึง) see Lesson 22.

GLY (ไกล) “far” and GLY (ใกล้) “near”. Be careful of your tones with these two words and note the differences in spelling. GLY “far” is in the Common Tone whilst GLY “near” is in the Dropped Tone.

HAHNG (ห่าง) which really means “distant” is usually translated in English as “far”, but it is not synonymous with GLY.

HAHNG means “separated from in time or space” whereas GLY means that the separation is large and refers to space only.

	BAHN YOO HAHNG JAHK TANON TOWRY How far is the house from the road? บ้านอยู่ห่างจากถนนเท่าไร
	BAHN YOO HAHNG GLY JAHK TANON The house is far from the road. บ้านอยู่ห่างไกลจากถนน

In the second example above we could use GLY alone but it is better to use both words.

YOO HAHNG JAHK NEE MY NOY GWAH HAH GILO It is not less than five kilometers from here. อยู่ห่างจากนี่ไม่น้อยกว่าห้ากิโล

DOY (โดย) “with” or “by” is used to denote instrumentality, cause or manner.

PY DOY ROT TAAKSEE DEE GWAH ไปโดยรถแท็กซี่ดีกว่า

It is better to go by taxi.

DOY KOWJY PIT โดยเข้าใจผิด

By mistake. (with wrong understanding)

DOY is often placed in front of an adjectival noun to convert it into an adverb.

DOY NGAI

โดยง่าย

Easily. (with easy)

DTEM (เต็ม) means “full” in the sense of “filling something up” but IM (อิ่ม) means “full” after having a good meal.

	DTEM MOT REU PLOW เต็มหมดหรือเปล่า	Is it full right up?
	POM IM LAAW ผมอิ่มแล้ว	I have had enough (to eat). (I am full)

JORT (จอด) means “to stop and leave stopped” and is mostly used in connection with parking vehicles or mooring boats.

PRACHOOM (ประชุม) is a verb meaning “to meet”, “to assemble”. In conversation however it is very often used as a noun meaning “a meeting” although the correct word for this is GAHN PRACHOOM.

KOO-AP (ขวบ) is “the complete cycle of one year” and is commonly used in place of PEE “a year” when referring to the age of babies.

	DEK AHYOO TOWRY	เด็กอายุเท่าไร	How old is the child?
	AHYOO HAH KOO-AP	อายุห้าขวบ	It is five years old.
	AHYOO SIP HAH PEE	อายุสิบห้าปี	It is fifteen years old.

HAHM (ห้าม) “to prohibit”, “to forbid” is mostly met with in notices of prohibition such as;

	HAHM JORT ROT	ห้ามจอดรถ	Parking prohibited.
	HAHM SOOP BOOREE	ห้ามสูบบุหรี่	Smoking prohibited.

LUMBAHK (ลำบาก) “troublesome” may be used either as an adjective or a noun.

	TUM YAHNG NUN LUMBAHK MAHK It will be a lot of trouble to do it that way. ทำอย่างนั้นลำบากมาก
	KIT WAH JA MEE KWAHM LUMBAHK MAHK I think there will be a lot of trouble. คิดว่าจะมีความลำบากมาก

LUMBAHK is often used in place of YAHK “difficult” but this usage though generally understandable is not correct and the two words are not synonymous.

PRYSANEE (ไปรษณีย์) refers to “the postal system” or “organization”.

SONG DOY PRYSANEE

ส่งโดยไปรษณีย์

Send it by post.

The G.P.O. is known as PRYSANEE GLAHNG (Central Post Office) and other Post Offices are called;

TEE TUM GAHN PRYSANEE ที่ทำการไปรษณีย์

Place where postal work is done.

A Postman is called BOOROOT PRYSANEE (บุรุษไปรษณีย์).

SORN (สอน) “to teach”. In addition to the words for “a teacher” that you had in Lesson 16.A.4., you will also sometimes meet with POO SORN “a person who teaches” and even KROO POO SORN. They all mean the same.

DTON (ต้น) means the “beginning of something” or “the first part of something” and occurs in such expressions as;

	DTON DEU-AN	ต้นเดือน	Beginning of the month.
	DTON NUM	ต้นน้ำ	The source of the river.

SIN (สิ้น) means “to finish”, “to come to an end” and occurs mostly as a prefix to other words.

	SIN DEU-AN	สิ้นเดือน	End of the month.
	SIN KIT	สิ้นคิด	To run out of ideas. (Finish thoughts)

PLAI (ปลาย) means “the end” or “termination” and generally refers to space though in some cases it also refers to time.

	PLAI TANON	ปลายถนน	The end of the street.
	PLAI DEU-AN	ปลายเดือน	The end of the month.
	PLAI SUPADAH	ปลายสัปดาห์	The week end.

CHEEWIT (ชีวิต) is the abstract noun “life”.

	MEE CHEEWIT	มีชีวิต	To be alive.
	MY MEE CHEEWIT	ไม่มีชีวิต	To be dead.

The word PEN (เป็น) also has the meaning “to be alive”.

NGOO DTOO-A NUN PEN REU DTAI Is that snake alive or dead? งูตัวนั้นเป็นหรือตาย

LEE-ANG (เลี้ยง) means “to rear” or “to bring up” children or animals and is widely used in connection with the various activities associated with “rearing” or “bringing up”.

For example, it may be used either for the general business of “keeping fowls” or for the specific activities of feeding them or cleaning out the fowl house.

NAI SOMBOON LEE-ANG PLAH Nai Somboon keeps (or breeds) fish. นายสมบูรณ์เลี้ยงปลา

It is also used to describe people who “rear” or “bring up” children or animals.

KON LEE-ANG DEK

คนเลี้ยงเด็ก

A baby sitter.

or to distinguish between wild and domesticated animals.

	MAH LEE-ANG	หมาเลี้ยง	A domesticated dog.
	MAH PAH	หมาป่า	A wild dog.

PEU-A (เพื่อ) “for”, “in order to” etc. is met with in various forms such as;

	PEU-A JA	เพื่อจะ	In order to.
	PEU-A TEE JA	เพื่อที่จะ	In order that.
	PEU-A WAH	เพื่อว่า	In order that.
	POM GUMLUNG PY DTALAHT PEU-A DOO WAH MEE DORK MY REU MY I am going to the market to see if there are any flowers. ผมกำลังไปตลาดเพื่อดูว่ามีดอกไม้หรือไม่

Generated by Lyndon Hill on Thu Jul 20 18:40:33 BST 2006.

Copyright remains with the original authors.